Executive summary
The
development of social welfare politics and public policy in the United States
has been of immense benefit. These attributes have contributed towards the
realization of the fact that the need of the poor and the less fortunate
members of the population are considered. This incentive has also necessitated
consideration of development through the usage of policies bills and policies.
One critical of enhancing the development of social welfare is through the
establishment of social welfare policies. Social welfare policies are geared
towards enhancing realization of social services and this has the attribute of
enhancing performance of the government attributes. This policy is concerned
with the provision of grants and other benefits to the poor and the women in
the society. The beneficiaries of these grants are the unwed parents under the
age of 18 and who are attending schools while staying with other beneficiaries.
In reality, the program benefits more than 44 million people and almost a
member of any family in the United States has benefited from it. The program
was criticized because it lacked the element of accuracy and it encouraged the
elements of dependency on the government. The aspects of political and welfare
reforms have been adopted. The aspect of political and welfare reforms is an
incentive that is initiated by the government to enhance success of the welfare
policy. The establishment of this policy targets the federal government and is
mean to cushion the government against increased spending in the provision of
the assistance to the poor member of the society. Finally, it is critical to
note that the federal government has initiated measures that are aimed at enhancing
development of the nation through the establishment of welfare.
Social welfare
The
development of social welfare politics and public policy in the United States
has been of immense benefits because it has resulted in the establishment of
aware programs aimed at enhancing public empowerment. Social welfare is
concerned with the aspects of accountability of the initiatives undertaken by
the government while the politics of social welfare considers the
implementation of the policies aimed at enhancing the realization of social
welfare. In the recent past, the aspects of social welfare and public policy
have been of immense consideration because of the growing concerns about the
disparities in the economy. The rise of these disparities and atrocities has
prompted the policy makers to analyze the functioning of polices and to amend
the social security act. Poverty has adverse effects in the economy and is
classified as one of the social aspects that derail the realization of social
welfare. Even though poverty is not a permanent condition in the united sates,
analysis has shown that it has detrimental effects like the rise in the crime
rates, family instability, drug use, high teen pregnancies and other social
injustices. The results have further shown that most of the social problems are
centered in the major cities because of the diversity of the jobs (DiNitto, 2010). In this regard, the
introduction of the social welfare policy becomes increasingly beneficial.
Social beneficial policy is an incentive that is introduced by the federal
government to help in the enhancement of social welfare. This is done through
the establishment of the program that is aimed at assisting the less fortunate
in the society. Social welfare policies are classified in social insurance
policies and public assistance. Social welfare politics have emerged to counter
the introduction of social welfare beneficiary programs and the aim of enhancing
these politics is to safeguard the interest of the nation because the welfare policies
have the tendency of encouraging dependency on the government provisions
thereby leading to enhanced laziness amongst the beneficiaries. Finally, public
policy is refers to the measures that govern the actions taken by the
administrative executive branches of the government. These policies are in
accordance with the provisions of the law and institutional customs. The aspect
of public policy is largely attributed to the concerns of the public through
the analysis of decision making and the perceived policy results. Public policy
is another initiative of public welfare provision that is concerned with the
consideration of public satisfaction (Diana M.
DiNitto D. H., 2011). Over the period, the federal government is
concerned with the enhancement of various policies and the critical aspect of
this policy is to help in the realization that the policies initiated are ideal
and beneficial for the general public.
Social welfare
policy
The development of social welfare policy is an initiative
by the federal government to assists in the provision of services and
commodities to the population. Social welfare policies are geared towards
enhancing realization of social services and this has the attribute of
enhancing performance of the government attributes. The government has the role
of enhancing the safety and security of its members and this call for the
enactment of social welfare policies. Results highlighting the element social
welfare policy states the nearly one third of the American population receive
government benefits. The survey conducted on the families shows that more than half
the families have one or more member’s benefiting from the welfare programs (Diana M. DiNitto L. K., 2007). The social
welfare programs are initiated by the government and they have been divided
into various categories to help in the delivery of the crucial services to the
general public. The subdivisions of social welfare policies are social
insurance and social public assistance. The social insurance policy is one of
the provisions of social welfare programs that have been initiated by the
federal government t help in the provision of health care services. Social
insurance policy calls for the formation of insurance scheme where the members
make contributions and finally benefits from the contributions they have with
the insurance company. The benefits of the social insurance schemes are
available regardless of the wealth status of the individuals (Worth, 2010). The involvement of the
government in enhancing the functionality of social insurance is necessary
because they require the public to demonstrate ideal needs for the insurance.
Social welfare policy is a policy the targets the public
which are the massive population of the American. This policy has been initiated
by the government and it involves the consideration of creating entitlements. Entitlements
are government benefits in which the congress has set eligibility criteria and
everyone meeting the critical is entitled to the benefits. The records have
shown that the establishment of the social welfare policy was conducted in the
periods of the great depression and this included the consideration two programs.
The first program for consideration by the welfare policy is the insurance
program for the old age and the survivors and also another program that
considered the aspects f the disabled members of the community. The old age and
survivors insurance program has proven to be ideal as it provides monthly cash
benefits to the retired workers and their dependents. The program also provides
the cash benefits’ to the survivors of insured workers. On a similar note, the
development of disability insurance program provides cash benefits to the
disabled workers and their dependents. In view of these developments, the
aspects of social welfare have been extremely beneficial for the economy
because it has enhanced the provision of services that are critical in the
establishment of social welfare to the massive population (John, 2008). The establishments of these
policies have the aspect of targeting the minorities in the society and helping
to uplift their status by providing financial assistance to them. The records collected from the economy of the
United States has confirmed that the scheme has more than 44 million beneficiaries
and has been identified as the leading spender in the American budget. Finally,
the attributes of this development have also designed tax relief programs for
the poor member of the society and this is done through the incentive of tax
refund. Some of the benefits of this program have been witnessed in the cases
where temporary assistance is offers to the poor families to help them in
meeting the food requirements as stipulated by the food stamps programs. The results
about the functionality of the policy have shown immense success in uplifting
the living standards. However, the policy has been faced with some element of disparities
and this includes the attributes of rising cases of dependency in the
government aids. Some members of the beneficiaries of the program have
continued to depend solely on government provision of the amenities and this is
detrimental for the enhancement of growth.
Politics and
welfare reforms
Over the period,
political agenda have always been used in the quest to enhance stability of the
factors that concerns the realization of social welfare. The aspect of
political and welfare reforms is an incentive that is initiated by the
government to enhance success of the welfare policy. The establishment of this
policy targets the federal government and is mean to cushion the government against
increased spending in the provision of the assistance to the poor member of the
society (Wilson, 2006). Analysis
conducted y the republicans showed that the benefits awarded in the form of
welfare policy was encouraging the attributes of dependency on the federal
government and this promoted the establishment of the welfare and politics
reform to help in the enhancement of the realization of the disparities caused
by welfare policies. One of the general political trends that were initiated
towards conservation of welfare was the realization that most women continued
to work after child birth and there was no special claim on the welfare of the
mother to be indicted to stay at home. With the continued use of the welfare initiative
and provision of benefits to the legible members, the nations have significant
measures that resulted in the emergence of the political incentive to derail
the provision of these factors. One of the political aspects was the call to
stop allocating cash benefits to the poor because an alarming rate of increases
in pregnancies and unwanted motherhood was observed (Macarov, 1995). In view of this observation, the government aid
was identified as the cause of this disparity and therefore, the call to
abolish this program was initiated. The republicans were on the fore front with
the call to initiate reforms in the economy because the support for welfare was
epitomized.
Reports from the economy has stated that the welfare
reforms act of 1996 resulted in the abolition of Aid to Families With Dependent
Children (AFDC) in the favor of systems of block grants to states, these states
under consideration are still aloud to spend 75% of the funds that were
initially spent on AFDC. Further restrictive measures were initiated and this
called for the exemption of funds and other benefits o the poor people in the
society. The grants could only be given to the unwed parents under the age of
18 years and living with other dependants and they continued to attend school. This
policy was extremely strict and with the aim of helping the formation of an ideal
society. During the introduction of the political regulation policy, the
beneficiaries were given the adjustment period of up to two years and this consideration
resulted in the reduction in the activities of the welfare realization (Kirst-Ashman, 2010). The attributes of
political intervention has been extremely detrimental to the public because it
has resulted in the waiver of the grants and benefits. The system of federal
government has also abolished the provision of support to the poor members of
the population. In this regard, the poor members of the population have
experienced rising minimum wage, additional medical care and the expansions in
the food stamp programs. Despite the cases of the above disparities, the
governing president has initiated measure to ensure that the needs and want of
the youth are compensated through charity organizations from the churches
donations and other charities to receive federal grants and assistance.
Health
care reform policy and politics
The aspect of
health care has continued to be a daunting task for the federal government
because the measures enacted have not resulted in the development of ideal
health care provision programs. in order to enhance realization of the social
welfare of the public and the entire population, the government has initiated
the development of health care reform policies and the implementation of this
incentives have the consideration of the political influences. The development
of the health care reform policy was aimed at restoring development of two
crucial problems in the economy. These measures of concerns are the costs of
health care and the expansion of health care access. Health is one of the basic
needs that every member of the population should have access to and the
government has the mandate of providing affordable medical services to the
population (John, 2008). Furthermore, the
government is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the health care
services are available to the population. The establishment of affordable
healthcare program by the federal government is one of the policies that are
designed to help the general public in ensuring increase in welfare realization.
Liberals have always sought for the creation of a national health insurance
system which would provide a list of services form the doctors, nursing homes
and the hospitals with less regard on the employment status or wealth
consideration. The development of this policy proposes that the government be
implemented as the single payer of all the medical costs of all the
participants through the aspect of increased taxes. This incentive is ideal and
will be beneficial in enhancing realization of increased health care provision
and this leads to the enhancement of welfare amongst the population (Diana M. DiNitto L. K., 2007). On the same
note, the proposal by this policy states that there is the need for government
to adapt to the strategy of offering universal coverage through mandatory
employer-based insurance and this will be combined with the government
subsidies to cover the costs of the population living below the poverty line. This
incentive will ensure that all the American population is covered by the health
insurance and they are able to access medical facilities and services. This
policy is extremely beneficial because it increases the welfare of the
population and enhances performance of the economy. This policy has undergone significant amendments
since the first introduction by Kennedy in 1996. The recent development of
policy was passed by the congress in 2004 and it included the attributes of
drug coverage (Diana M. DiNitto L. K., 2007).
The bill is developed to target the government with the aim of prohibiting the
government against the elements of control in the pharmaceutical companies.
The
enactment of these bills and provisions have largely contributed in the
establishment of welfare of the population and it is evident that role of politics
has been identified in the enactment of critical policies. Finally, the
elements of social welfare are extremely crucial for the population because
they enhance the capacity of welfare realization. The usage of the social
welfare politics and public policies are extremely beneficial because they
contribute towards the realization of the benefits of the population. The
federal government has been on the fore front in the enactment of these
policies because it has the role and duty of ensuring welfare provision to the
people in the economy.
References
Diana M. DiNitto, D. H. (2011). Essentials of Social
Welfare:. Politics and Public Policy , 200.
Diana M. DiNitto, L. K. (2007). Social welfare: politics
and public policy : with research navigator. New York: Pearson/Allyn and
Bacon.
DiNitto, D. M. (2010). Social Welfare: Politics and Public
Policy. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
John, P. (2008). Analysing Public Policy. United
States: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2010). Human Behavior in the Macro
Social Environment: An Empowerment Approach to Understanding Organizations.
New York: CengageBrain.
Macarov, D. (1995). Social Welfare: . Structure and
Practice , 170.
Wilson, C. A. (2006). Public policy: continuity and
change. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Worth, R. (2010). Social Security Act. New York:
Marshall Cavendish.
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